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Day 192 of 365 · Pro · Month 7: Power and energy

Load shedding

Load shedding in stages: as the charge falls, the areas leave the grid by priority and come back with hysteresis in reverse order.

Lesson 18 min Week 28

What you learn today

  • Consumers by priority
  • Stages as charge falls
  • Reconnect with hysteresis

A long Mars night, the panels damaged by the last storm. The batteries sink. Instead of waiting until everything fails at once, a good chip sheds the loads one after another – first the unimportant, last of all what keeps you alive.

Loads by priority

With area power controls (yesterday) every area becomes a switch. You divide the base into priorities:

PriorityAreaoff belowback on from
3 (unimportant)Comfort40 %55 %
2Workshop25 %40 %
1Lab10 %25 %
0Life supportnever–

Life support does not hang on the chip at all. Whatever must never go off does not get a switch either.

Stages as the charge falls

Each stage is the familiar pattern for a load that switches off below a threshold:

sge tmp level C_OFF   # still above the shedding limit?
and comfort comfort tmp
sge tmp level C_ON    # already above the reconnect limit?
or comfort comfort tmp

Three times in a row, just with other defines. Because the limits are staggered, the order comes about by itself.

Reconnecting with hysteresis

Shedding lowers consumption, the charge recovers a little right away. Without a gap the area would come straight back on, then off again – every other second. That is why each reconnect limit lies clearly above its shedding limit. And because the reconnect limits are staggered too, the most important comes back first.

Warning

The starting values before the start label (move comfort 1 …) matter. Without them every area begins as “shed” after a chip restart and only comes back above the reconnect limit – at 50 % charge the comfort would stay dark.

Tip

The display “Abwurf” shows how many areas are currently shed. A 2 on the display tells you how serious things are the moment you enter the base.

Diagram

Temperature curve with hysteresis 21 °C 19 °C band: state is kept Heater on on off off On at 19 °C, off only at 21 °C – nothing switches in between.
Every stage has a hysteresis of its own. The shedding limits are staggered, and so are the reconnect limits.

Exercise

Task

Three APCs “Komfort”, “Werkstatt” and “Labor” hang on the battery bank “Akku”. Build the load shedding following the table above.

  • Each stage with a hysteresis of its own
  • Display “Abwurf”: number of shed areas
  • Batteries gone: all three areas off

Hints

Hint 1

Each stage: sge/and with the OFF limit, sge/or with the ON limit, then and with ok.

Hint 2

Write to On of the respective APC.

Hint 3

Shed = AREAS − (comfort + work + lab).

Quiz

3 questions. You pass from 60 % – the server does the grading.

Complete the day

  • Passed the simulator exercise
  • Passed the quiz with at least 60 %

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